In biochemical testing, when we select buffers Tris, MOPS, CAPS, etc., the first consideration is the dissociation constant pKa 
and buffer range of the buffer. In addition, the salt effect of the detection system cannot be ignored, and it will also affect 
the experimental results. Make an impact.

Tromethamine Tris buffer
Most biological systems are affected by salt. In addition to meeting the pH range required by the system, the buffer selected for
 detection should also ensure that the salt effect is as small as possible. In special circumstances, salt will be added during 
the experiment to make adjustments to increase the salt effect. Buffers such as Tris, Bicine, MOPS, etc. are usually composed of
 conjugate acid-base pairs, which are weak electrolytes. If the system contains strong electrolytes (strong acids, strong bases) 
and weak electrolytes come into contact with them, salt effects will occur. When the solubility decreases, it is the saltingout 
effect; when the solubility is reduced, it is the saltingout effect (saltingin).
Definition of salt effect:
 
 When a strong electrolyte that does not have the same ions as the weak electrolyte is added to the weak electrolyte solution, the
 total concentration of ions in the solution increases, and the interaction between ions is enhanced, which reduces the chance
 of the weak electrolyte dissociated anion and cation from combining to form molecules. , So that the concentration of weak 
electrolyte molecules decreases, the ion concentration increases correspondingly, and the dissociation degree increases. This 
effect is called the salt effect.
For example, Tris, MOPS, HEPES, etc. are weak electrolytes, while the hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide used for buffer
 pH adjustment are strong electrolytes. If the concentration of the latter is too high, it may increase the dissociation degree
 of the buffer and affect the buffer performance. pH balance. Therefore, in some experiments, Tris acetic acid or Tris glycine 
is used instead of Tris hydrochloric acid. Acetic acid and glycine are both weak electrolytes, and hydrochloric acid is a strong
 electrolyte.
Adding 0.1 mol/L NaCl solution to 0.1 mol/L acetic acid solution, sodium chloride is completely ionized into sodium ions and
 chloride ions, so that the total number of ions in the solution increases sharply, and the electrostatic interaction between
 the ions is enhanced. At this time, acetate ions and hydrogen ions are surrounded by many different-sign ions (sodium ions,
 chloride ions). The chance of combining acetate ions and hydrogen ions to form acetic acid is reduced, which increases the
 ionization degree of acetic acid (from 1.34% to 1.34%). 1.68%).
Now there are a lot of Tris buffer systems, such as Tris glycine, Tricine, Bis-Tris, etc., in addition to meeting the required
 pH of the system, it can also meet the appropriate salt effect of different detection systems. Desheng is a manufacturer of
 biological buffers and can provide raw materials for Tris and its derivative buffer systems.